Dermal contact with methoxychlor is slightly irritating to skin in humans. The effect of methoxychlor and its mechanism(s) of action on ovarian steroidogenesis are not clearly defined. The experimental evidence cited shows that methoxychlor and p-nonylphenol, at high dosages, adversely affects the mammalian reproductive system in females to a greater degree than males. Some effects of methoxychlor is also mediated by its bioactive metabolite 2,2-bis (p -hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE) (Akingbemi et al., 2000). It was intended to be a replacement for DDT, but has since been banned for use as a pesticide based on its acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and endocrine disruption activity.[3]. EPA believes that consuming this amount or less over a lifetime will not cause chronic or noncancer effects. This is a comprehensive review, based on a study of the literature available up to the end of July 1974, incorporating data on the properties and toxicology of methoxychlor and its impact on the environment, with particular reference to Canada, where it has been extensively used for the control of biting flies. Exposure to EDCs is known to cause many reproductive health problems such as infertility, premature ovarian failure, and abnormal sex steroid hormone levels. Human exposure. 5.2 Short-term exposure A NOAEL of 140 mg/kg of body weight per day for testicular atrophy was reported in a 30- to 45-day study on rats (13). The mechanism of action of methoxychlor on the male reproductive system is not clear. [6], Human exposure to methoxychlor occurs via air, soil, and water,[7] primarily in people who work with the substance or who are exposed to air, soil, or water that has been contaminated. The effects of methoxychlor at an embryonic or early postnatal period can influence reproductive functions at later adult periods (Cooke and Eroschenko, 1990; Chapin et al, 1997). Methoxychlor is a synthetic organochloride insecticide, now obsolete. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/F 4/Rect[412.505 438.805 429.505 453.805]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>>]/Contents[37 0 R 38 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R]/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 29 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 34 0 obj <>stream Inhalation or ingestion causes generalized depression. Effects of methoxychlor and its metabolite 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in vitro Toxicol Lett. 31 0 obj <> endobj This work addresses the issue of whether methoxychlor (MTX) exposure may modify the ultradian secretion of prolactin through changes in the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Endosulfan exerted a direct reversible inhibition of CYP3A4 activity that was confirmed in human liver microsomes. In animal models, high doses can lead to neurotoxicity. WSU researchers concluded that methoxychlor exposure could lead to ovarian disease, obesity and kidney disease in later generations following a study done on rats. Methoxychlor, an organochlorine pesticide, is thought to be an endocrine disrupter that affects Ca²⁺ homeostasis and cell viability in different cell models. [7] One studied metabolite is 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE) which shows reproductive toxicity in an animal model by reducing testosterone biosynthesis. Chemsrc provides methoxychlor(CAS#:72-43-5) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. The amount of methoxychlor in the environment changes seasonally due to its use in farming and foresting. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described here. Information on the acute systemic effects of methoxychlor in humans is not available. The EPA lists methoxychlor as "a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemical by the EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program",[3] and as such it is a waste minimization priority chemical. Although human health and environmental risk assessments have not been done as a result of the incomplete data for methoxychlor, the Agency has significant concerns about the effects of methoxychlor on human health and the environment, including concerns about its endocrine disruption effects and persistent, bioaccumulative toxicity. Food contamination may occur at low levels and it is recommended to wash all foods. Methoxychlor was banned after it was found to mimic estrogen, acting as a reproductive toxin leading to infertility in animals. %%EOF It is expected that this "could occur in humans" but has not been proven. [7] Some methoxychlor's metabolites have estrogenic effects in adult and developing animals before and after birth. Effects of Methoxychlor and Its Metabolite Hydroxychlor on Human Placental 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 and Aromatase in JEG-3 Cells. The effects of the mixture on CYP3A4 activity were equal to the sum of those of each individual compound, suggesting an additive effect of each pesticide. Associated changes in dopamine (DA) content in the anterior (AH), mediobasal (MBH) and posterior hypothalamus … h��Zmo��+��{| �(N\4Ia%M��~P�#@��\����3�{w���v� y\r8��gf�'i��!�6H�Ȁ��i�����:��t�6��� }H_jR/2�8�Pu�i�1���!�V�Z�.% ��u�U��( �}�9yto����?������b��9y�_^>�z~~���<>�z��a�Ӈ7��.wxl�S����g'? It is unknown how quickly and efficiently the substance is absorbed by humans who have been exposed to contaminated air or via skin contact. Some EDCs and their effects on adult ovarian function have been studied extensively over the years, whereas the effects of others remain unclear. MXC and HPTE inhibited progesterone and estradiol production in JEG-3 cells. Numerous chemicals derived from human activity are now disseminated in the environment where their exert estrogenic endocrine disrupting effects, and therefore represent major health concerns. I}��o/��L�Ç���7�o��_�]l�x4���aw�z���ͫ���_w_���v�ͳ�!��G7϶�;���X�׶���������Mi�R�lN�>��>�K���g/n�j�}��կӃ˨������C̭�I5C챔QrL2ۺ���4;� |{�r����g��������� �.�!��������٣��!lNwۗ�Dk�Z�x}�jwu�r8��r���xrr��T�\�|��]?�^C���. It is unlikely that methoxychlor will cause reproductive effects in humans at expected exposure levels. Humans and wildlife are frequently exposed to mixtures of endocrine active-compounds (EAC). [7] While one study has linked methoxychlor to the development of leukemia in humans, most studies in animals and humans have been negative, thus the EPA has determined that it is not classifiable as a carcinogen. The current investigation was designed to determine if the pesticide methoxychlor (M) mimicked the effects of estrogen in the brain and on behavior. 2013 Mar 27;218(1) :18-23. doi ... Human liver microsome, rat testis microsome and adult Leydig cells were used for the measurement of 11β-HSD1 activity. the general health effects observed following exposure. The use of methoxychlor as a pesticide was banned in the United States in 2003[5] and in the European Union in 2002. This chemical has formula of C 12 H 10−x Cl x and has another effect to human body such as rashes which is symptom of liver damage. �ZL5P!#��ba��`>6�����\[��F�Q��{(�e�Z@�} c���y�4#Ѕ���b`�/��2� G"� Fura-2, a Ca²⁺-sensitive fluorescent dye, was applied to measure [Ca²⁺]i. Methoxychlor at concentrations of 0.1-1 μM caused a [Ca²⁺]i rise in a concentration-dependent manner. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail … The results demonstrated that HPTE directly inhibited human and rat CYP17A1 activities, while methoxychlor had no effects on this enzyme activity even at a concentration of 100 μM. Methoxychlor is ingested and absorbed by living organisms, and it accumulates in the food chain. The results demonstrated that HPTE directly inhibited human and rat CYP17A1 activities, while methoxychlor had no effects on this enzyme activity even at a concentration of 100 μM. The effects of methoxychlor on delayed resorption of the tail during metamorphic climax and shifts in dynamics of the T 3 surge that marks the onset of metamorphic climax further suggested that the thyroid axis may have been involved in the development delay observed in the methoxychlor treated organisms. to methoxychlor in laboratory animals causes ovarian atrophy and impaired ovarian steroid production. (USCG, 1999) ... 10 … Pesticide properties for Methoxychlor, including approvals, environmental fate, eco-toxicity and human health issues IARC: Not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans. This study explored the action of methoxychlor on cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) and apoptosis in HA59T human hepatoma cells. More work, including evaluation of the expression profiles of … Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed Toxicity is relatively low. Methoxychlor (MXC) is primarily used as a pesticide and widely present in the environment. Revised IDLH: 5,000 mg/m 3 Basis for revised IDLH: The available toxicological data contain no evidence that an acute exposure to a high concentration of methoxychlor would impede escape or cause any irreversible health effects within 30 minutes. It is unknown how quickly and efficiently the substance is absorbed by humans who have been exposed to contaminated air or via skin contact. (3) Methoxychlor inhibited human 3β-HSD2 and rat testicular 3β-HSD activities, with IC 50 values of 53.2 and 46.15 μM, respectively. Maximum pesticide residue limits for the EU/UK are set at 0.01 mg/kg for oranges and 0.01 mg/kg for apples. Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina … It turned up in human breast milk, and it is assumed to be able to cross the placenta. EPA 738-R-04-010", "Public Health Statement about Methoxychlor", "A Metabolite of Methoxychlor, 2,2-Bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Reduces Testosterone Biosynthesis in Rat Leydig Cells Through Suppression of Steady-State Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels of the Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme", "Methoxychlor as a model for environmental estrogens", 3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol, 10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), 16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol), 17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol), Epiestriol (16β-epiestriol, 16β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol), Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate), Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate), Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene), Allopregnanedione (5α-dihydroprogesterone), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methoxychlor&oldid=998860701, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 10:18. 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