Shaykh Junayd soon arrived before the walls of Trebizond, but after three days he found the walls impregnable and marched his army south to ravage the district of Mesochaldia instead.[16]. [23] The two doubtful children are: Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea! νός, Iōannēs IV Megas Komnēnos) (c. 1403 – c.1459 [1]) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 until his death. Discussed in Rustam Shukurov, "The campaign of Shaykh Djunayd Safawi against Trebizond (1456 AD/860 AH)", Unless otherwise indicated, this section is based on, "La Date de la Mort du Basileus Jean IV Komnenos de Trebizonde", "The Fifteenth-century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia", "La descendance d'Alexis IV, empereur de Trébizonde. John IV Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, Iōannēs IV Megas Komnēnos ), (c. 1403 ndash; 1459) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 to 1459. Fearing that Trebizond would suffer the same fate as Constantinople, he forged various alliances for the defense of his empire. Bagrationi, Wife of John IV of Trebizond - Death. Apr 1, 2015 - Bagrationi (c.1411/2 – before 1438) was the first Empress consort of John IV of Trebizond. Since William Miller wrote his book on Trebizond, the scholarly consensus dated his death to 1458, although with some dissent to 1459 (Lampsides, Kursanskis) or simply state the broad limits 1458/9-1460 (Anthony Bryer). [11] According to Chalkokondyles, Hizir raided the countryside, even penetrating into the marketplace of Trebizond, capturing altogether about two thousand people. [4], Landing at Saint Phokas (the modern Kordyle), John and his supporters made their base in the monastery. Home Science Math History Literature Technology Health Law Business All Topics Random. John IV of Trebizond died in 1459. They learned they had misunderstood John's wishes: he had the eyes of one man put out and the hand of the other cut off.[6]. John had been designated despotes, or heir apparent, by his father as early as 1417, but had come into conflict with his parents. This incident is notable for the anecdote it relates about John, who gleefully related to Sphrantzes the news of the death of Sultan Murad II, and that Mehmed II's youth meant that now his empire could last longer and be blessed. Alexander had fled Trebizond for the Byzantine court in 1429 and had eventually married Maria Gattilusio, the daughter of the Genoese lord of Lesbos. Lat. After the Fall of Constantinople to Mehmed II in 1453, Trebizond and the Morea were left as the last remnants of the Byzantine imperial tradition. Ask Login. They learned they had misunderstood John's wishes: he had the eyes of one man put out and the hand of the other cut off.[6]. [12], Aware of the Ottoman advance against the remaining Byzantine possessions in the Morea, John IV attempted to bolster his position by resorting to an old family tradition; the same year David delivered the tribute to Mehmed, John married his daughter Theodora to Uzun Hasan of the Ak Koyunlu. 557, a manuscript now at the Vatican Library. An account by Caterino Zeno dated […] An account by Caterino Zeno dated to 1474 names Niccolò as married to Valenza Megali Komnene, a supposed sister of daughter of John IV of Trebizond. The first was from his half-brother George, who returned to Trebizond and made an unsuccessful attempt to seize the throne. The disputes were never fully settled and seriously injured commerce in the Black Sea. Giovanni IV di Trebisonda. 259–283. [15], John's hostile attitude towards Genoa was explained by one contemporary, the Spanish traveller Pero Tafur, as a fear of a potential Byzantine-Genoese alliance that could place his brother Alexander on the throne of Trebizond. 30. translated in Marios Philippides. After the Fall of Constantinople to Mehmed II in 1453, Trebizond and the Morea were left as the last remnants of the Byzantine imperial tradition. John IV of Trebizond. Chalkokondyles II.219-220; translated by Anthony Kaldellis, For a discussion of this source, see Kaldellis, "The Interpolations", pp. An alternative identification is that she was the daughter of the Crimean Khan, Hacı I Giray.[21]. [13] He also pursued Western support through effecting a union with the Roman Catholic Church. Ióannész trapezunti császár; itwiki Giovanni IV di Trebisonda; jawiki ヨハネス4世 (トレビゾンド皇帝) kawiki იოანე IV (ტრაპიზონი) John IV went on to marry an unnamed Turkish lady. Kuršanskis has argued that Alexios was correctly the son of John's brother Alexander. The first time this letter was printed was in 1496, taken from the text of Reg. The Europäische Stammtafeln considers this second wife to have been a daughter of Dawlat Berdi. John escaped by means of his fleet, and made it back to Trebizond. While in Georgia John married Bagrationi, a daughter of King Alexander I, but he could not obtain sufficient support to establish himself in Trebizond. John IV of Trebizond was born in 1403. John IV of Trebizond Date of Birth, Nationality, Hometown, Birth Place, Zodiac Sign, Weight & Height in Meters His father Alexios rode out with his retinue and camped nearby. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. Since William Miller wrote his book on Trebizond, the scholarly consensus dated his death to 1458, although with some dissent to 1459 (Lampsides, Kursanskis) or simply state the broad limits 1458/9-1460 (Anthony Bryer). John IV of Trebizond. John IV of Trebizond John IV Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, Iōannēs IV Megas Komnēnos), (c. 1403 – 1459) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 to 1459. As early as 1434 he had responded to the letters of Pope Eugenius IV, in marked contrast to earlier emperors of Trebizond, who had ignored papal missives. Death . John IV Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, Iōannēs IV Megas Komnēnos) (c. 1403 – 1460) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 until his death. [14], However, these approaches to the Papacy were not marked by harmonious relations with the most important Western power concerned with Trebizond, the Republic of Genoa. The disputes were never fully settled and seriously injured commerce in the Black Sea. [18] Beginning with Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer, modern scholars have inferred it from two records: one was a letter from John's successor and brother, David of Trebizond, dated 22 April 1459, but because it was associated with the dubious embassy led by Ludovico da Bologna, and internal inconsistencies, this letter has been considered at the least a partial forgery; the other record was a damaged inscription Fallmerayer reported to have seen in the citadel Kule boylu ("high tower"), which was made by John and dated to the year 6968 (= A.D. 1 September 1459 – 31 August 1460); however this inscription was never seen by any other historian, despite determined efforts, and the citadel itself has since been destroyed. [14], However, these approaches to the Papacy were not marked by harmonious relations with the most important Western power concerned with Trebizond, the Republic of Genoa. This may have been settled with the discovery of a memorandum in the Genoese archives. Shaykh Junayd soon arrived before the walls of Trebizond, but after three days he found the walls impregnable and marched his army south to ravage the district of Mesochaldia instead.[16]. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. The Europäische Stammtafeln considers this second wife to have been a daughter of Dawlat Berdi. Pero Tafur provides a detail at variance with the account of Pseudo-Chalkokondyles, for he reports that John became emperor with help of the Turkish Sultan. Pero Tafur, in his travel memoirs, records that when he visited Trebizond in 1438 John IV had a Turkish wife. John IV Megas Komnenos (Greek: Ιωάννης Δ΄ Μέγας Κομνηνός, Iōannēs IV Megas Komnēnos) (c. 1403 – c.1459 [1]) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1429 until his death. Sphrantzes, however, was taken aback and explained to him that Mehmed's youth and seeming friendship were only ploys, and that under John's brother-in-law John VIII the empire had been deeply in debt, but now his new emperor was trying to change that. A Genoese document dated November 8, 1427 orders the consul at Caffa in the Crimea to keep on good terms with the Emperor of Trebizond for news of John arriving at Caffa had reached Genoa. [17] John assembled his land and naval forces, then assisted by his pansebastos sailed forth to meet the Shaikh. 30. translated in Marios Philippides. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene.John had been… In 1442 the Ottoman Sultan Murad II sent out a fleet to plunder the shores and to attempt to capture the city. John then fled to Georgia. As early as 1434 he had responded to the letters of Pope Eugenius IV, in marked contrast to earlier emperors of Trebizond, who had ignored papal missives. The Metropolitan of Trebizond joined the Byzantine clergy at the Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence (1438-1439). According to Pseudo-Chalkokondyles, John had instructed them to only bring his father to him, but the men thought John would be more grateful if they killed his father the Emperor, and did so. [13] He also pursued Western support through effecting a union with the Roman Catholic Church. The year "1459" in the letter carried by the embassy of Ludovico da Bologna was an error in transcription: the original letter has not been found, and may no longer exist. Sphranzes, ch. [9] In February 1451 the Byzantine diplomat George Sphrantzes arrived in Trebizond seeking a bride for his emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos. Home Science Math History Literature Technology Health Law Business All Topics Random. Æ Follis or Tornese. John had planned to attack Junayd from both land and sea; however, a strong wind prevented the sailors from landing and the Sheikh's men successfully counteracted, killing the pansebastos and scattering the army. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. According to a passage considered to be an interpolation in the history of Laonikos Chalkokondyles, he accused his mother Theodora of having an affair with an unnamed protovestiarios, whom he killed, then held his parents captive in the citadel until the palace staff released them. This expedition did not seriously affect Trebizond itself, but attacked Trebizond's dependencies in the Crimea and was partly destroyed by a storm on its return journey. The "Europäische Stammtafeln" considers this second wife to have been a daughter of Dawlat Berdi. John II of Trebizond (1262-16 August 1297) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1280 to 1284 (succeeding George and preceding Theodora) and from 1285 to 1297 (succeeding Theodora and preceding Alexios II).. The year "1459" in the letter carried by the embassy of Ludovico da Bologna was an error in transcription: the original letter has not been found, and may no longer exist. John IV began his reign by punishing the physical murderers of his father, then burying his father in state in the metropolitan cathedral. [18] Beginning with Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer, modern scholars have inferred it from two records: one was a letter from John's successor and brother, David of Trebizond, dated 22 April 1459, but because it was associated with the dubious embassy led by Ludovico da Bologna, and internal inconsistencies, this letter has been considered at the least a partial forgery; the other record was a damaged inscription Fallmerayer reported to have seen in the citadel Kule boylu ("high tower"), which was made by John and dated to the year 6968 (= A.D. 1 September 1459 – 31 August 1460); however this inscription was never seen by any other historian, despite determined efforts, and the citadel itself has since been destroyed. Retowski 1-7 (for type); Bendall, Trebizond 80; SB 2642. Although John owed his throne to a Genoese crew, he repeatedly failed to reimburse the Genoese for debts owed to them in 1431, and in 1441 refused to provide reparations for a Genoese ship ordered seized and looted six years earlier. Historical Popularity Index (HPI) 22. 557, a manuscript now at the Vatican Library. [7] It may be both versions contain part of the truth: although John ascended to the throne on the murder of his father, it may be the Turkish Sultan provided John with financial or military support to return to Trebizond. The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article John IV married an unnamed Turkish lady as his second consort. Empire of Trebizond - John IV Reigned: 1446 - 1458 A.D. Denomination: AR Asper Obverse: St. Eugenius seated on horse walking right. Languages Editions (L) 5.92 . Chalkokondyles II.220; translated by Kaldellis, A. Vasiliev, "Tero Tafur, a Spanish Traveler of the XVth Century and His Visit to Constantinople, Trebizond, and Italy,". [9] In February 1451 the Byzantine diplomat George Sphrantzes arrived in Trebizond seeking a bride for his emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos. St. Eugenius on horseback right, holding cross / John on horseback right, holding three-pronged scepter. [16], At some point in his reign, John was faced with an attack by the ruler of Ardabil, Shaykh Junayd, who marched upon Trebziond: proposed dates range from the 1430s (E. Janssens) through the 1440s (von Hammer, Finlay, and Miller) to 1456 (Shukurov) or 1456-58 (Bryer). Celebrity Births Deaths and Ages. b. Abt 1403. d. 1459. John had been designated despotes by his father as early as 1417, but did not see eye-to-eye with his parents. Ask Login. 37k. 3 likes. [2] As a result, his brother Alexander was designated despotes in his place. The apprehensiveness towards Genoa was contrasted by friendlier relations with Venice, although the Venetians never recovered their former influence in the Black Sea. A Genoese document dated November 8, 1427 orders the consul at Caffa in the Crimea to keep on good terms with the Emperor of Trebizond for news of John arriving at Caffa had reached Genoa. Chalkokondyles II.222; translated by Kaldellis. He was a son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. John IV went on to marry an unnamed Turkish lady. John IV was married twice, first to an unnamed daughter of King Alexander I of Georgia,[20] then prior to November 1437 he married the daughter of a Turkish sultan. She was a daughter of King Alexander I of Georgia. John sent his brother David to ratify the treaty before Mehmed II himself, which he did in 1458, but the tribute was raised to 3,000 gold pieces. John IV of Trebizond Net Worth, Biography, Age, Height, Weight, Married, Ethnicity, Nationality, Wife, Husband John IV began his reign by punishing the physical murderers of his father, then burying his father in state in the metropolitan cathedral. Ganchou explains the discrepancies in the rest of the evidence facilely. Mehmed II immediately summoned John to pay tribute in Constantinople and imposed heavy tolls on Trapezuntine and Venetian shipping through the straits. Chalkokondyles II.222; translated by Kaldellis. The two armies met at Kapanion. Family tree Parents and Siblings . John I Axouchos (Greek: Ιωάννης Ἀξούχος, romanized: Iōannēs Axouchos) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1235 to 1238. [19] In discussing this document, Thierre Ganchou explains that it confirms clearly a terminus ante quem for John's death of 22 April 1460. Noting that the letter appears between two other documents dated to 1459, Ganchou blames a "lazy scribe" for writing that year when transcribing this letter, instead of the correct 1460. The Metropolitan of Trebizond joined the Byzantine clergy at the Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence (1438-1439). Celebrity Births Deaths and Ages. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. John escaped by means of his fleet, and made it back to Trebizond. [16], At some point in his reign, John was faced with an attack by the ruler of Ardabil, Shaykh Junayd, who marched upon Trebziond: proposed dates range from the 1430s (E. Janssens) through the 1440s (von Hammer, Finlay, and Miller) to 1456 (Shukurov) or 1456-58 (Bryer). John was recognized as emperor in Trebizond some time before 28 October 1429, the date of the first document that mentions him on the throne. [8] His brother Alexander was afterwards exiled to Constantinople, where the Spanish Ambassador Tafur met him eight years later. The Empire of Trebizond was founded in 1204 by Alexius Comnenus grandson of Andronicus I. Mehmed II immediately summoned John to pay tribute in Constantinople and imposed heavy tolls on Trapezuntine and Venetian shipping through the straits. Discussed in Rustam Shukurov, "The campaign of Shaykh Djunayd Safawi against Trebizond (1456 AD/860 AH)", Unless otherwise indicated, this section is based on, "La Date de la Mort du Basileus Jean IV Komnenos de Trebizonde", "The Fifteenth-century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia", "La descendance d'Alexis IV, empereur de Trébizonde. The city was deserted due to plague and likely to fall; John made his submission and agreed to pay an annual tribute of 2,000 gold pieces in return for the return the captives Hizir had taken. John left for Trebizond on 25 April 1282 with his new wife, Eudokia Palaiologina. According to Pseudo-Chalkokondyles, John had instructed them to only bring his father to him, but the men thought John would be more grateful if they killed his father the Emperor, and did so. In about 1426, Bagrationi married John IV of Trebizond. 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